My First Week At TwinsUK

24th July 2024 – by Ulani Arkhurst

As a BSc Biomedical Science student at Imperial College London, I had not been lucky enough to interact directly with many participants of research studies. On only the second day of my internship with TwinsUK I was able to watch a pair of twins throughout their visit to the study clinic. The twins were extremely friendly and a pleasure to talk to, but I was most surprised at how happy  they were to take part in the study. I do not know many twins personally, so it was heartwarming to sense the connection between two people who seem to be so in tune with each other. The particular set of twins that I shadowed live in different parts of the country and so aside from taking part in the study, the clinic visit was a nice opportunity for the twins to catch up with each other.  

My typical experience of science has been studying samples at the lab bench or analysing results on the computer. It felt refreshing to observe the twins on their visit to begin to establish an idea of how the data I so often work with is actually produced. I believe that experiences such as this, where researchers are confronted with the faces behind the data they receive, are extremely important for producing well-rounded scientists who can appreciate the massive contribution of study participants to their work.  

It was also interesting to see certain ideas from throughout my studies in practice. For example, research ethics (that is, how to carry out research in a way that is moral) was something I had learned during university. During my time at TwinsUK, I was shown the high standards that the researchers hold themselves to. To me, it is more important than ever to ensure that ethical standards are maintained as more people participate in scientific research than ever before.  

This experience was extremely eye-opening for me as I was able to witness firsthand the sheer amount of effort that goes into coordinating a massive research department like TwinsUK. I have seen that the success of TwinsUK is, in part, due to the huge sense of collaboration that encompasses the group. Every person I interacted with during my first week welcomed me and tried their best to ensure my comfort. Alongside this, everyone was very open and willing to spend a few minutes chatting with me about their individual role within the wider research group.  

As I come to the end of the first week of my internship with TwinsUK, I feel reassured about entering the world of research in the near future. I have seen the variety of roles available to me as a young scientist and have gained a deeper appreciation for the huge contribution that participants make to the progress of scientific research. I am immensely grateful for this opportunity and am looking forward to the rest of my summer with the TwinsUK team.  

My Work Experience With TwinsUK

24th July 2024 – by Bronwen Price

I initially contacted TwinsUK trying to find year 12 work experience. I had been listening to a podcast by Tim Spector (a health scientist), and after doing a little bit of research, this lead me to Twins UK, which he founded. I was extremely lucky to get a placement here.  

I was excited but nervous on my way for my first day at King’s College London. But I needed not to worry – from the moment I got there I was greeted with friendly faces. Everyone was lovely, happy to help and enthusiastic about their work.  

On the Monday I learnt about research ethics, attended one of the staff meetings and was shown around the labs. Already I was surprised by just how many different roles are required for one project. It widened my perspective into how many different career paths there can be in one area, whether that be a science communicator, project manager, clinician nurse or lab technician, and so much more. I had the opportunity to talk to so many different people about their experiences at TwinsUK, and what lead them here. Everyone was so willing to help, and it was really helpful to talk about their university experiences as this is the next step I am considering.  

On Tuesday, I had a call from home on science communication and engagement. It was really insightful to learn that even coming from a science background – many roles still involve other skills such as creativity and communication. It was interesting to learn about how TwinsUK work to involve as many people as possible in science, encourage twins to join the study, and make the information accessible to people who may not be from a science background.   

Additionally, I had exposure to a hybrid work environment. Working from home twice a week allowed me to participate in teams calls and virtual learning. And then of course travelling into London to meet everyone in person was exciting and such a valuable experience, especially on Thursday which is when the whole team is in together. It allowed me to consider what kind of work environment I would thrive in in the future. 

On Wednesday, we had the opportunity to follow a twin’s experience on the clinic. I was able to shadow a wide variety of different tests, and see how the team made the visits worthwhile and enjoyable for the volunteers. This was my favourite part of the whole week; it was so inspiring to see the clinic team at work and helped me gain experience that will help me decide on my future career path.  

We were able to meet a large cohort of the team at TwinsUK, learn about what they do, their career paths and what lead them here. Again, it was a valuable insight to the working world and made me realise how many different opportunities are out there.  

Overall it was an amazing experience, from which I learnt so much I will use as I move forward. I am extremely grateful for this experience, and to have had an insight into what a science degree could potentially lead me to. A huge thank you to everyone who was so friendly and eager to help, and I would highly recommend to anyone considering a career in science or healthcare to apply for work experience here. Thank you! 

We spoke to TwinsUK researcher Dr Emily Leeming about her new book “Genius Gut: The Life-Changing Science of Eating for Your Second Brain” 

17th July 2024 – by TwinsUK

What inspired you to write “Genius Gut”?  

I wanted to share that what you eat can affect how you feel right now – how mentally sharp you feel, your mood, and how energetic you are. For too long the brain has been thought as separate to the rest of the body, and that’s not the case at all. And the gut has been hugely overlooked, it does so much more than just digest your food – it’s your second brain. It’s highly complex, containing its own nervous system, with more nerve cells than there are in your spinal cord. And its home to your gut microbiome, that can signal to your brain.

What is Genius Gut? 

Genius Gut is a book for everyone – if you have a gut and a brain, then this book is for you! It’s an easy guide to the science of the gut-brain connection, and our latest understanding of how gut microbes signal to the brain influencing mood, cognition and behaviour. There are ten simple hacks on how and what to eat for your gut bacteria, brainpower and to feel your best, packed with actionable tips and advice based on my research in nutrition and the microbiome at King’s College London, and as a registered dietitian. 

Can you explain the connection between our gut and brain in simple terms? 

It’s the science behind the phrases “gut feelings” and “I’ve got butterflies in my stomach”. For too long we’ve thought of the gut as only a food factory, when in fact it’s intimately connected with the CEO of your body – your brain. Your gut and your brain are physically connected through your vagus nerve, a long wandering nerve that reaches down from your brain to your upper body, including your gut. And your gut microbes can signal to your brain, through your vagus nerve, but also via metabolites, hormones and the immune system.  

What are some common misconceptions about the gut-brain connection that your book addresses? 

I wanted to highlight in Genius Gut how connected the brain and the gut really are. We talk about mental health and physical health as if they are two separate things. But we’re now understanding that many conditions and diseases of the mind can start in the gut or can be influenced by what we eat. Up to 80% of people with Parkinson’s disease also have constipation, that can appear as much as 20 years before movement and cognitive symptoms. In Alzheimer’s disease there’s a harmful build-up of mis-folding proteins in the brain, and there’s now early evidence in mice that these proteins could start in the gut first. You’re six times more likely to get Alzheimer’s disease if you have inflammatory bowel disease. And if you have irritable bowel syndrome, you’re significantly more likely to have anxiety and depression.  

How does the gut microbiome influence our mental health? 

Many people online claim that “90% of your feel-good serotonin is made in your gut”. While it’s true that 90% of serotonin is produced in the gut, this serotonin primarily helps with your digestion and it’s too large a molecule to pass through your blood-brain barrier to your brain. However, your gut bacteria do play an important role in helping your brain access the building blocks needed to produce your feelgood serotonin, as these smaller molecules can pass through the blood-brain barrier, for your brain to make serotonin itself.  

How does the gut microbiome influence our cognition? 

What microbes you have matters for your brain and cognition. For example, babies born via C-section initially receive their first batch of microbes from the hospital environment rather than from their mother. However, when these babies were given some of their mother’s vaginal microbiome for their guts, they had significantly better neurodevelopment at six months old than other c-section babies.  

Gut bacteria are linked to differences in the size of the hippocampus, memory and cognitive skills throughout childhood and adolescence, with the brain continuing to develop up until 25 years old. Microbes matter later in life as well, helping to lower excess inflammation that can damage the brain. In aging mice, a microbiome transplant from their more youthful counterparts improved memory and reversed signs of brain aging. Research from our department of Twins Research has also highlighted this connection between microbes and cognition. Colleagues found that a prebiotic fibre supplement, which feeds your ‘good’ gut bacteria, improved performance in memory tests in just three months. 

How has your personal journey influenced the insights and solutions offered in “Genius Gut”? 

What many people don’t know about me is that I spent the first part of my career as a private chef. So it’s important to me that food is delicious, and that there’s room for the occasional cake or chocolate too. I strongly believe we need to recognise the joy that food brings – and that how we think about food matters too – do you beat yourself up for enjoying a slice of cake, or do you savour it and move on? When we talk about the gut-brain connection we aren’t only talking about the gut talking to the brain, but also how the brain talks to the gut; how stress and mood can affect your food choices, your digestion, and your microbes. Healthy eating for your gut-brain connection is about balance. 

Dr Emily Leeming, Registered Dietitian and Research Fellow at Department of Twins Research and Genetic Epidemiology, King’s College London.  

Dr Emily’s book, Genius Gut: The Life-Changing Science of Eating for your Second Brain is available to buy now.  

You can also subscribe to her free weekly newsletter on Substack, called Second Brain 

Socials: @dremilyleeming 

My First Week At TwinsUK

17th July 2024 – Nawal Mohamouod

The introductory week of my internship at TwinsUK comprised of a collection of seminars and meetings that enabled me to be introduced to every component of the department. Whether that be shadowing the clinic team or aiding the admin department, I was able to truly understand the inner workings of TwinsUK.

We began with scrutinising the importance of research ethics. As an intern, I appreciated the idea that we start with a topic that is so fundamental to research and participant protection. What I particularly enjoyed was acting as an ethics committee alongside the other interns and work experience students. We were given an assortment of project proposals and were asked to contemplate factors such as consent, risks and benefits to decide if we should approve, issue a caveat or reject the proposal.

Subsequently, we were invited to an operations meeting that outlined upcoming tasks between each department. It was at this moment where I was able to appreciate the diversity amongst the different roles within TwinsUK. Next, we were quickly introduced to the communications and engagement team, where I was shown the numerous platforms in which TwinsUK not only engages with participating twins but also the wider public. I was also given a brief preliminary outline on the context surrounding the project that I will be working on in the coming weeks.

Moreover, I was introduced to the clinical department of TwinsUK. I had the opportunity to shadow a clinic visit which involved collecting blood, stool and urine samples. Furthermore, a plethora of tests were carried out, which hoped to measure memory and active recall. The visit concluded with a lung capacity test as well as a bone density scan that imaged the participants’ hip and lumbar vertebrae which was then followed by a full body scan. This proved to be the highlight of my week as through building a connection with the twins I can truly recognise that TwinsUK believe that participants are more than just data.

Alternatively, the administrative side to the department was where I saw the inception of how studies are carried out. I was directed to ways in which TwinsUK recruit as well as how they maintain participant retention for their longitudinal projects. Also I was able to organise sample testing kits and information booklets to be sent postally in preparation for clinic visits.

Lastly, I was able to sit in a department seminar that hosted external speakers who presented their research topic. I was enlightened to see the scaling of information and complexities from my undergraduate degree.

To conclude, I thoroughly enjoyed my induction to TwinsUK and I’m excited to see the progression of the project throughout this placement.

My Week At TwinsUK

17th July 2024 – Ruby Richardson

My past five days with TwinsUK have been amazing, every single staff member I met was so welcoming and helpful, and it has just been an overall wonderful week. I am extremely grateful for my opportunity as it has led me to discover a multitude of different career paths which I otherwise may never have even heard of, and it ultimately solidified my decision to pursue science further in my education.  

During my first day I was able to spend time learning about the work that is done at TwinsUK, and the importance of ethics in scientific research. I was thankful for the opportunity to join the operations meeting as it provided an idea of all the hard work that goes into the program. I was extremely excited to see the labs in the afternoon, and gain an understanding of what is done with the samples provided by the twins. As I had never been in any sort of lab setting it was such an interesting experience and I thoroughly enjoyed it. Furthermore, the staff were so helpful answering any questions I had about the process and their jobs. I liked learning about their different backgrounds as it will certainly help when deciding what course to choose at university.  

One of the main highlights of my week was shadowing a morning twin visit in the clinic. It was so interesting to see all the tests that were done- ranging from blood tests to balance. I loved seeing how happy the twins were to be involved in the project. And once again I really appreciated having the opportunity to speak with members of staff about their experience and their backgrounds too.  

Across the week I also spent time with the admin and data teams- it was good to learn about other aspects of scientific research- away from the wet lab and clinical visits. I didn’t realise just how many different jobs there are and I enjoyed speaking with staff about what they do and how it all fits in with the studies.  

Each person I spoke to across the week seemed to really enjoy their role and the department genuinely seems like such a wonderful place to work. There is so much effort that goes into research and it was so nice to see how connected the staff were. It was definitely inspiring and has made me excited for my future, hopefully working in a similar field.  

Overall, this work experience has been even better than i hoped for- i gained an awareness of so many different areas which i never would have, had i not had this opportunity, and for that i am so grateful. I would definitely recommend TwinsUK as a work experience placement as it has just been such an amazing time.  

My work experience at TwinsUK

12th December 2023 – by Emily Herbert

My work experience at TwinsUK has been wonderful. I was incredibly nervous to start, especially because some of the tasks planned for me were things I had never experienced before – namely, research ethics, shadowing clinical visits, and working alongside very experienced scientists. However, from the minute I arrived, everyone was incredibly welcoming, kind, and supportive of me being alongside them in the department.

Over the course of my five days at TwinsUK, I have learned so much about what it is like to work in a scientific role. I have discovered roles that I didn’t even know were a possibility, and it has really opened my eyes to the variety of careers available.

During my first day, I had the opportunity to shadow visits with the twins in the clinic. I saw the huge variety of work that’s carried out and the different stages of the TwinsUK research programme. This included a variety of tests, including blood tests, memory exams, and bone density scans.

Throughout my week, I had the chance to speak to members of staff across different teams, learning about how the data is organised and analysed, as well as the research ethics that underpin all the work in the department. It was also really interesting to see how the logistics of sample collection work. Each person I spoke to was enthusiastic about their role within the team, and it was extremely helpful to learn about their career path and the work they do each day as part of TwinsUK. It was also extremely inspiring to listen to the researchers talk about the work they are doing, including the lecture I attended from a PhD student.

My last day was spent in the lab, the last piece of the jigsaw puzzle that is the TwinsUK research programme. I found it fascinating to see how samples are used and interpreted. Everyone in the lab team was encouraging and answered my many questions!

Sometimes it’s hard to think ahead to what careers might be possible for a particular subject, but this experience has been invaluable in understanding the wide range of possibilities within scientific research organizations like TwinsUK, which one day I hope to be a part of.

What struck me the most about everyone in the department was how connected and encouraging they are to one another. The work being done in the department is fascinating, and the relationship built with each set of twins is really lovely. It’s also amazing that the data is not only used for the incredible work within the department but is also shared with scientists worldwide.

I highly recommend TwinsUK as an inspiring placement for work experience. I have had an extremely enjoyable week, and it’s been everything I could have hoped for.

Diversity at TwinsUK: Genevieve

Genevieve joined the department in 2010 and has since gained an extensive knowledge of the TwinsUK data. She is responsible for documenting and storing the multiple datasets collected over time as well as ensuring that data is made available to the research community. Genevieve is also coordinating the data linkage program where we will link our in-house data with external data sources such as health, education and environmental records.

What do you know about your family history? 

I grew up in a small town called Cap-Santé in Quebec- Canada. As far as my family history can go, my ancestors came from France. One of them, Antoine Pépin-dit-Lachance left Le Havre in Normandy around 1655 (he was possibly 15 years old) to settle in New France. After few years working for a French governor in Quebec City, he was offered a land on the Île d’Orléans in the Saint Lawrence River, where he became a farmer and raised his 12 children. This island is not only beautiful but it this the ancestral land of more than 300 great families from Quebec. It is assumed that my ancestor got his nickname of Lachance at the time of crossing of the Atlantic. He must have been lucky man since Lachance means luck!

What about your culture are you most proud about? 

I believe that Canadians are generally polite, apologetic, but we are mainly very friendly and welcoming to others.

Diversity at TwinsUK: Bridget

Bridget is one of our Clinical Research Nurses, part of the clinic team who you’ll see when coming to St Thomas’ for your visit. Bridget and her team will take your samples, go through various phenotype tests, and complete your DXA scan. She manages, monitors, and also trains the clinic team on various skills to make sure your visits run as safely and smoothly as possible.

What about your culture are you most proud about? 

I am proud of the new generations of Australians who are truly embracing multiculturalism in Australia. I am especially proud of the shift in our culture towards recognising our first nations people. Australia has a troubled history with embracing other cultures, and in particular the harrowing treatment of our first nations people. Australians are known for our laidback, chilled approach to life (you’ve seen me with my feet up at the desk right?) yet we don’t shy away from the ‘hard yaka’ (hard work) – this is something I appreciate more and more as the hustle culture becomes more prominent. This isn’t to say work is our highest priority, but we are happy to just get in get the job done, which as a child always meant helping Dad in the backyard. Mateship is big for us, through highs and lows we don’t hesitate to help each other out. The main thing that comes to mind is floods/bushfires which sadly are now a regular occurrence, my local area floods significantly every few years. The footage of people helping others, even animals, during the 2019-2020 bushfires made me proud to be an Aussie. 

What are your favourite customs? 

Most of the customs celebrated in Australia, or at least by my family, are all the usuals – Christmas, Easter etc etc, mostly celebrated with family, friends, and food in the sunshine. But one of our iconic customs, and my absolute favourite, would have to be the sausage sizzle. Some might say it’s our national dish.

The Bunnings Snag – Bunnings is a franchise of hardware stores across Australia, who support local charities/sporting teams etc by hosting a fundraiser sausage sizzle almost every weekends. A (beef!!) sausage on bread, with onions and sauce if you like, tastes so much better cooked on a BBQ outside a bunnings, when you’re either preparing for a weekend of hard yaka or rewarding your efforts of the day, plus a gold coin to support someone else – it’s a win win!!

The Democracy Sausage –  It’s compulsory for adults 18+ to vote in elections – so on election day you rock up at the polling booth at your local primary school, church, childcare centre to place your vote, and there’s always a sausage sizzle fundraising for something. A little reward for the stress of election day 😊 

Diversity at TwinsUK: Belma

As an Operations Officer, Belma’s role is to coordinate and carry out recruitment of healthy volunteers for research projects. This includes working closely with a multidisciplinary team, monitoring other admin staff, writing SOPs, providing reports to meet KPIs as well as carrying out day to day administrative duties looking after a large cohort of research volunteers.    

How important is diversity to you, and what value does It bring?

As I’ve lived in London my whole life, going to school and working in a diverse society has always been a constant in my life and I feel most comfortable when I am in environments in which there are people from all different backgrounds etc. I think diversity allows us to better understand those who are different to us. It’s easy to develop misconceptions when you aren’t directly exposed to different people and cultures and these misconceptions can often be harmful on both an individual and societal level. Living, working and socialising in a diverse society allows us to understand one another on a human level first and foremost and realise that differences aren’t negative. 

Celebrating Excellence: TwinsUK Shines at the King’s Faculty Awards 

31st July 2023 – By Aaruthy Suthahar 

We are delighted to share some exciting news about the recent awards ceremony held by the Faculty of Life Sciences and Medicine at King’s College London, where TwinsUK showcased its remarkable achievements and outstanding individuals and teams who have made a significant impact on research, policy, and professional services. 

Outstanding Professional Services Award – Celebrating Dr Deborah Hart 

We are thrilled to announce that our Executive Director Dr Deborah Hart has been honoured with the Outstanding Professional Services Award. This award recognizes a member of the professional services staff who has demonstrated exemplary leadership and innovative support within the Faculty. Dr Deborah Hart’s exceptional leadership of the professional services team at TwinsUK has been instrumental in the success of the cohort and numerous complex studies. Her dedication and expertise have provided invaluable guidance and support to her colleagues, making her a truly deserving recipient of this award. 

Research Impact Award – Applauding the COVID Symptom Study App Team 

Congratulations go to the COVID Symptom Study App Team for winning the Research Impact Award. Many staff from our department contributed to the setup and success of the app and subsequent research. This award honours the team who have made significant contributions to the world through their groundbreaking research. The COVID Symptom Study App Team demonstrated exceptional collaboration and a multidisciplinary approach, which proved pivotal in shaping health policy during the pandemic. Their remarkable work in identifying new symptoms, tracking disease hotspots, and characterizing Long COVID has had a profound impact on healthcare, influencing national and international guidelines, and positively affecting the local community. 

Acknowledging Other Remarkable Nominees 

We would like to extend a special mention to other individuals nominated for various awards. Christel Barnetson’s nomination in the Professional Services Research Support Award and People and Culture Award, as well as Ellen Thompson’s nomination in the Early Career Researcher Achievement Award, highlights their significant contributions and dedication to advancing research at TwinsUK. 

Sharing Our Success with TwinsUK Members 

It is with immense pride that we share this success with our twins, who have been the heart and soul of TwinsUK over the past three decades. We want you to know that this recognition is a testament to your commitment and willingness to participate in the important work that has not only impacted health research but has also played a critical role in shaping healthcare policies during the pandemic. 

Your dedication to logging symptoms on the COVID Symptom Study App, which was initially designed for twins but expanded its reach, has been incredible. Your active participation has resulted in vital contributions that have extensive implications for health research globally. 

We thank you from the bottom of our hearts for all your support and involvement. Together, we continue to make significant strides in research and positively impact health research. 

Acknowledgments 

We would like to express our sincere gratitude to the individuals from TwinsUK for their contributions to the Covid Symptom Study app. 

The analytical team included TwinsUK staff Marc Osterdahl, Nathan Cheetham, Cristina Menni and Ruth Bowyer, and Darioush Yarand on the data and engineering side.  

The app also benefitted from the expertise of the clinical, nutrition, and academic team, including Emma Duncan, Sarah Berry, Mary Ni Lochlainn, and Frances Williams.  

Additionally, the governance, ethics, finance, engagement, and communications aspects were well-handled by Vicky Bowyer, Deborah Hart, Paz Garcia, Victoria Vazquez, and Christel Barnetson. 

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